Christianity Essay -- Roman Catholic Protestant Eastern Orthodox

Christianity is the religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Most followers of Christianity, called Christians, are members of one of three major groups--Roman Catholic, Protestant, or Eastern Jewish-Orthodox. These groups imbibe different beliefs intimately Jesus and His teachings. But all consider Jesus central to their religion. Most Christians believe God sent Jesus into the world as the recoverer. Christianity teaches that gentlemanity can achieve salvation through Jesus. Jesus lived in Judea (later called Palestine), a halfway Eastern land ruled by the Romans. The Romans crucified Jesus more or less A.D. 30. Jesus followers were convinced that He rose from the dead, and they soon spread Christianity to major cities throughout the Roman Empire. Today, Christians make up the largest religious group in the world. Christianity has about 1 1/2 billion followers. It is the major religion in Europe, the Western Hemisphere, and Australia. Many Christians also l ive in Africa and Asia. Christianity has had an enormous influence on Western civilization, especially on art, literature, and philosophy. The teachings of Christianity have had a lasting effect on the conduct of business, government, and social relations. Beliefs Christians believe that there is one God, and that He created the human beings and continues to care for it. The belief in one God was first taught by the Jewish religion. Christianity teaches that God sent His Son, Jesus, into the world as His chosen servant, called the Messiah (Christos in Greek), to help people fulfill their religious duties. Christianity also teaches that after Jesus earthly life, Gods presence remained on earth in the form of the consecrated Spirit, or Holy Ghost. The belief that in one God there are three Persons--the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit--is known as the doctrine of the Trinity. Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches and many Protestant churches accept this doctrine as the ce ntral teaching of Christianity. Some Christians regard Jesus as a great but human teacher. However, most Christians view Jesus as God incarnate--that is, a divine being who took on the human appearance and characteristics of a man. They believe that Jesus is the Savior who died to save humanity from sin. According to this view, Jesus death made salvation and eternal life possible for others. Christians gather in ... ...e body of thought that included intuition and philosophy. The scholastics wished to reach a better understanding of Christian faith through reason. beau ideal Anselm, an early scholastic, attempted to prove Gods existence through logic. In the 1200s, Saint Thomas Aquinas produced the most important scholastic work, the Summa Theologica. In it, he brought Christian doctrine into harmony with the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. Monasteries were centers of learning throughout the Middle Ages. In the 1200s, members of new religious orders, called friars, began to work among the people. Franciscan friars followed the selfless example of Saint Francis of Assisi, who founded their order in 1209. Franciscans were noted for their loving service to others. The Dominican order, founded in 1216 by Saint Dominic, became noted for its scholarship. During the Middle Ages, Christian armies tried to recapture Palestine, which had been conquered by Muslim Turks. These military expeditions, known as Crusades, began just before 1100 and cease in the late 1200s. The crusaders failed to hold the Holy Land. But their contact with the East greatly influenced European culture.

Comparing the Beauty of Poe and Emerson Essay -- comparison compare co

The apricot of Poe and Emerson They say that beauty is in the eye of the beholder. As stated in Edgar Allan Poes The Poetic Principle, a supposition of beauty can provided be achieved through the use of emotion, an excitement of the soul, a necessary element to any worthwhile poem (Poe 8). Poes fascination with the secret of death and the afterlife are often clearly rooted in his poems and provide a basis for himself and the reader to truly experience his concept of beauty. Although withal a believer in portraying beauty through poetry, Ralph Waldo Emerson found beauty to be eminent in nature and all told things created by the Oversoul. Beauty for Emerson is not an idea or unknown, it is visible all around him. To Poe beauty can only arise from excitement of the soul, and such emotion can only be brought upon by feelings of melancholy. He reiterates the importance of melancholy in The Philosophy of Composition--Now, never losing sight of the object supremeness, or perfect ion, at all points, I asked myself--- Of all melancholy topics, what, according to the universal understanding of mankind, is the most melancholy? Death --- was the obvious reply. And when, I said, is this most melancholy of topics most poetical? From what I put on already explained at some length, the answer, here also, is obvious-- When it most closely allies itself to Beauty the death, then, of a beautiful woman is, unquestionably, the most poetical topic in the world-- and equally is it beyond doubt that the lips best suited for such a topic are those of a bereaved lover (Poe 265). Melancholy and beauty go hand in hand for Poe. If his goal is to bring about the excitement of the soul, then that can only be achie... ...mself on the beauty of melancholy and the whodunit of the afterlife to the point of extreme emotion, while Emerson relayed beauty through the Oversoul. Both revolutionaries of nineteenth century poetry, their works will continue to place a star of beauty in a ll who reads them, and live up to the saying --beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Works Cited Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Each and All. The Columbia Anthology of American Poetry. Ed. Jay Parini. New York Columbia UP, 1993. 95-96. ---. X. Essays. The Poet. The Harvard Classics. <WYSIWYG//48/http//bartleby.com/5/110.html>. Poe, Edgar Allan. The Philosophy of Composition, The Works of the Late Edgar Allan Poe, vol. II, 1850, pp. 259-270. ---. The Poetic Principle (D), The Works of the Late Edgar Allan Poe, vol. III, 1850, pp. 1-20. ---. Annabel Lee. Parini 161-162.

Parental Involvement Benefits Elementary School Childrens Essay

P atomic number 18ntal Involvement Benefits Elementary School clawrens Parental enfolding has many confirmatory effects on both child and parent. Some of the benefits of parental involvement for children are a significantly increased cognitive development, an avail in the childs motivation, a stronger parent-child relationship and, of course, increased academic achievement. Some of the benefits parental involvement has on parents are gaining a more positive attitude about themselves and their parenting skills, increased self-confidence and an increased satisfaction about their childs school and faculty at the school (Becher, 2001). There are many benefits to parents involvement in their elementary school childs life, but, possibly the most important benefit is in helping the childs academic achievement. First of all, why the recent interest in parent involvement? Many might give credit to Section 1118 of the No Child left wing Behind Act of 2001. This section of No Child Left Behind requires any school district in the United States that receives Title I, dampen A funds to execute programs, activities, and events that enable parents to get involved. Title I forces school districts to make a strong effort to communicate with and get feedback from parents who ask to be involved in the programs, activities and events directed towards parent involvement. The districts are required to provide equal involvement opportunities for all parents, including those who speak limited English, are disabled, and parents of migrant children. Every school district is required to develop together, agree on with and distribute to parents the districts plan on parent involvement programs (No Child Left Behind, 2002).... ... Power. New York Hyperion.This is a book I came across at the Towson public library. Kirshbaum starts off with a chapter full of various studies that have been done that point how beneficial parent involvement is. The book is then broken down into four sections of ninety different ways parents can get involved in their childs life and have their child get the most out of their education. Peterson, D. (1989). Parent involvement in the education process. ERIC Digest EA 43. Retrieved April 3, 2003, from http//www.ericfacility.net/ericdigests/ed312776.htmlThis article in brief discusses why parent involvement is so important. Peterson then discusses how parent involvement is particularly beneficial for at-risk children. Peterson also mentions how parents can get involved and how parent-involvement programs can be implemented on a district wide basis.

The Glass Menagerie :: essays research papers

The Glass MenageriePlot Overview The Glass Menagerie is a memory play, and its accomplishment is drawn from the memories of the narrator, Tom Wingfield. Tom is also a character in the play, which is set in St. Louis in 1937. He is an aspiring poet who toils in a brake shoe warehouse to support his draw, Amanda, and sister, Laura. Mr. Wingfield, Tom and Lauras father, ran off years ago and, save for one postcard, has not been heard from since.Amanda, originally from a genteel Southern family, regales her children often with tales of her idyllic youth and the scores of suitors she once received. She is disappointed that Laura, who wears a brace on her leg and is painfully shy, does not attract any gentleman callers. She enrolls Laura in a business college, hoping that she will make her own and the familys fortune through a business career. Weeks later, however, Amanda discovers that Lauras crippling shyness has led her to drop out of the physical body secretly and spend her days w andering the city alone. Amanda then decides that Lauras last hope must lie in marriage and begins selling newspaper subscriptions to recognize the extra money she believes will help to attract suitors for her daughter. Meanwhile, Tom loathes his warehouse job and finds escape in liquor, movies, and literature, much to his mothers chagrin. During one of the frequent arguments between mother and son, Tom accidentally breaks several of the glass animal figurines that are Lauras most prized possessions.Amanda and Tom discuss Lauras prospects, and Amanda asks Tom to keep an eye out for likely preadolescent men at the warehouse. Tom selects Jim OConnor, a casual friend, and invites him to dinner. Amanda quizzes Tom about Jim and is delighted to learn that he is a driven young man with his idea set on career advancement. She proceeds to prepare an elaborate dinner and insists that Laura wear a new dress. At the last minute, Laura learns the name of her caller, and it turns out that she had a devastating crush on Jim in high school. When Jim arrives, she answers the door, on Amandas orders, and then quickly disappears, leaving Tom and Jim alone. Tom confides to Jim that he has used the money for his familys electrical bill to join the merchant marine and plans to leave his job and family in search of adventure.

Earth 2 Puzzle :: essays research papers

PlotA. The main idea of this invention is for the colonists that landed on the new earth to get out of the terrians (an alienate life that lives on the planet) underground city, that was thought to be built a long time ago. 1. One event that is really important to the plot of the story was, the colonists were wondering in the dessert for days. They were running out of water, their best bet was to follow their tracers to the nearest body of water. An underground city was the closest thing to having water. another(prenominal) important event that led up to the plot of the story was, It was migration time for the buffalo like creatures on the planet. As the colonists were making there way by the desert, the creatures broke genius of there primary water tanks which is what made them head toward the sacred city.2. The problem that the main character must sole by the give up of the story is, Devon Adair must find a way out of the terrian tunnels. The colonists and her were trapped in them by a puzzle that was misinterpreted by Devon.3. The climax of the story is when one of the colonists got part of the tunnel buried on him and everyone had to dig to get him out. This is the high point in the story because earlier in the story he had a dream that that would happen to him.4. The story remainders when the colonists get out of the tunnel alive. They pop up in a part of the sacred city they have never seen before, but manage to unlock the puzzle of trying to get out of that part of the city. They meet up with the colonists that were not trapped inside the tunnel.a. I intend the ending was respectable. It had its good and bad points. One good point is no one died. One bad point is they just leave you hanging to clasp till the next book comes out.b. At the end of the book I felt happy because their mission did not end and there is a possible action for a new book to come.c. The ending was very logical in terms of events because it took the group to figure out all different kinds of puzzles and traps. At the end of the book they had to figure out another puzzle to get out of the underground city.

Earth 2 Puzzle :: essays research papers

PlotA. The main idea of this layer is for the colonists that landed on the new earth to get reveal of the terrians (an alien life that lives on the planet) thermionic tube city, that was thought to be built a long time ago. 1. One event that is really important to the plot of the story was, the colonists were wondering in the sweetness for days. They were running out of water, their best bet was to follow their tracers to the nearest body of water. An underground city was the closest thing to having water. Another important event that direct up to the plot of the story was, It was migration time for the buffalo like creatures on the planet. As the colonists were making thither way through the desert, the creatures broke one of there primary water tanks which is what made them head toward the sacred city.2. The problem that the main character must sole by the end of the story is, Devon Adair must detect a way out of the terrian tunnels. The colonists and her were trapped in the m by a puzzle that was misinterpreted by Devon.3. The climax of the story is when one of the colonists got part of the tunnel buried on him and everyone had to dig to get him out. This is the high point in the story because earlier in the story he had a dream that that would happen to him.4. The story ends when the colonists get out of the tunnel alive. They pop up in a part of the sacred city they have never seen before, but manage to open the puzzle of trying to get out of that part of the city. They meet up with the colonists that were not trapped inside the tunnel.a. I think the ending was respectable. It had its good and dismal points. One good point is no one died. One bad point is they just leave you hanging to wait till the next password comes out.b. At the end of the guard I felt happy because their mission did not end and there is a possibility for a new book to come.c. The ending was very logical in terms of events because it took the group to figure out all different kinds of puzzles and traps. At the end of the book they had to figure out another puzzle to get out of the underground city.

Examining Musculoskeletal Injuries Health And Social Care Essay

Fractures or ligament hurts frequently require immobilisation for effectual healing. Subsequently, uninjured tissues for case muscularitys and joint capsules ( i.e. colligation tissue ) under(a)go unfavorable alterations as a consequence of the wildnessd deficiency of motion ( Loitz et al 1988 ) .As stated by ( Houglum 2005 ) Mobility of the musculoskeletal system is ascertain by the composing of continuative tissue and the orientation of assorted soft tissue constructions . Connective tissue refers to clamber, facia, sinews, ligaments, joint capsules and musculus facia. Connective tissue can be farther discussed under intramuscular connective tissue and periarticular connective tissue. During the procedure of reorganization connective tissue has the inclination to shorten and go thick and fibrotic ( Houglum 2005 ) . ( Walsh et al 1989 ) found that connective tissue, ligaments specifically argon influenced biomechanically, biochemically and morphologically by immobilisatio n. ( Noyes et al 1974 ) indicated that these influences on connective tissue are altered by 4 mechanisms ( I ) changes in the synthesis and debasement equilibrium of collagen ( two ) alterations in collagen cross links ( three ) fluctuations in H2O and electrolyte content of connective tissue and ( four ) alterations in the alliance, figure and thickness of collagen fibers.Periarticular connective tissue Composition of two constituents cells and extracellular ground substance. Matrix is made up of collagen, elastin, reticulin and land substance. ( Donatelli & A Owens Burkhart 1981 ) stated alterations to the construction of connective tissue are straight related to joint stiffness thus ensuing in restricted motion. He besides noted the importance of collagen at heart connective tissue, making greater tensile stance and stabilisation done increased fiber dorsum. The mechanical strength of collagen is imputable to hydroxylation of lysine to hydroxylysine which histories for the increased fiber binding ( i.e. the cross links of next collagen fibers ) . As these fibers mature the intra and intermolecular bonds ( cross links ) rise in figure therefore supplying greater strength to the fibers. Within land substance glycoaminoglycans ( GAG ) binds with H2O making a semi fluid syrupy gel within which the collagen and fibrocytes are embedded. The lubricator maintains a distance between the fibers, thereby allowing free glide of the fibers past each other and forestalling inordinate cross linking ( Donatelli & A Owens Burkhart 1981 ) . Land substance in connective tissue comes manus in manus with collagen with regard sectional ability. ( Minns et al 1973 ) tested the importance of land substance in CT, through the example of chelating agents and enzymes, what they found was a important lessening in stiffness, strength and other clip dependent belongingss in its absence. With immobilisation the production and lysis of collagen amplifications, it is besi des believed that the loss of extensibility is non due to the volume of collagen deposited but from the country it is deposited it from ( Lederman ) . Furthermore a loss of GAG and H2O in the land substance consequences in fading of the extracellular matrix this cause s less separation and more cross nexus formation between collagen fibers ( Woo et al 1981 ) . Post hurt, freshly formed fibrin and collagen fibers guide in a disorganised manner when immobilized. This reduces the entire tenseness strength of the tissue. Collagen fibres when aligned along the lines of mechanical emphasis produce their greatest strength. The importance of collagen alliance is apparent in the survey undertaken by ( Noyes et al 1974 ) he found a 39 per cent lessening in maximal failure of the preliminary cruciate ligament in archpriest s station 8 hebdomads immobilisation.Intramuscular connective tissue Normally composes of epimysium, perimysium and endomysium. These connective tissues play a large fun ction towards the snap of skeletal musculus as the non contractile constituent. The extra binding of connective tissue to muscle cells preserves its dependability during contraction while guaranting goal contact between the blood capillaries and nervousnesss within the skeletal musculus ( Jarvinen 2002 ) . Jozsa and co- induceers found with immobilisation the degrees of endomysium and perimysium within the intramuscular connective tissue increased ensuing in separation of single musculus fibers, along with reduced degrees of blood capillaries and transverse sectional country of musculus fibers ( Jozsa et al 1988 ) . These connective tissues bind to muscle cells and hold its unity during contraction and embracings blood capillaries and nervousnesss within the skeletal musculus to maintain them close attachment with each other.The accretion of endomysial and perimysial connective tissue may add up to the damage of intramuscular blood circulation, and the lessening in Numberss of c apillaries may, in bend, lead to an addition in the sum of connective tissue, get downing a uncivilised circle. These pronounced changes in the distribution, administration and architecture of the intramuscular collagen may eventually take to macroscopic loss of musculus extensibility and other tensile belongingss ( Jarvinen 1976, 1977 ) .Joint immobilisationOne of the chief utilizations of manual therapy is to bring forth elongation of the CT constructions that are abnormally keeping arthrokinematic gesture, through physiologic motions or accoutrement motions ( Maitland 2005 ) . accessory motions ( joint drama and constituent of gesture ) are a type of inactive exercisings designed to re-establish joint drama through arthrokinematic gesture of axial rotation, slide, crack compaction and distraction. It s highlighted that joint drama is indispensable for the return of normal joint map ( Mennell, 1964 ) . The strength of the mobilisation techniques with rhythmic oscillatory m otions normally is categorized harmonizing to the 5-grade categorization system of Maitland ( Vermeulen et al 2006 ) . In conformity with the 5 class system grade I and II performed toward the induction of accessible arthokinematic ROM delimitate to chiefly cut down degrees of hurting exposing analgetic effects, but non to stretch CT. ( 117 Kisner 25, 34 ) . While classs III and IV are chiefly employed as stretching tactics at terminal of available arthrokinematic ROM. Intending to stretch CT ( Threlkeld 1992 ) . Connective tissues have viscoelastic belongingss whereby distortion of its fibers consequences from a burden at ever-changing rates, the elastic belongingss produce station mobilization kick with no alteration in distance and the plastic belongingss result in lasting elongation ( Basmajian & A Nyberg 1993 ) , expressed through the emphasis strain curve as seen in figure 1. ( Threlkeld 1992 ) found it was through fictile distortion that the resting length of CT changed. However, this is save possible due to microfailure of separate collagen fibres i.e. CT harm must happen through breakage of links linking bordering connective tissue packages so these broken fibers allow non factor in the kick of the tissue therefore making a new length of the CT. Mobilization techniques that stretch collagen constructions into their fictile scope of distortion addition s the tissue s mobility ( Maitland 1991 ) . Owing to the amplitudes of classs III and IV within the restricting ROM sufficient mechanical alteration is at manus to work the viscoelasticity belongingss of CT to incite lasting elongation, diagrammatically seen in Figure 2. ( Randell et al 1992 ) investigated grip and semivowel techniques on the joint stiffness of 18 topics post 2 hebdomads immobilisation of metacarpal breaks. This intervention resulted in a ample addition in active ROM and lessening in joint stiffness compared to the chink group supplying grounds of the effectivity of joint mobilis ation in changing mechanics of an immobilized stickn. A 2nd survey undertaken by ( Landrum et al 2008 ) utilize a grade III oscillation motion in the betterment of ankle dorsiflexion in an AP way, which resulted in a ample recovery in ROM. dormant(ip) Stretching( Kisner & A Colby 2005 ) attest that non-contractile soft tissues are known to give more readily to a low strength, continuously applied stretch force, as used in inactive stretch. Low strength stretching consequences in optimum rates of betterment in ROM without exposing tissues, perchance weakened by immobilisation, to inordinate tonss of potentially hurt. Inactive stretching is performed by puting musculuss at their greatest possible length and keeping that place for a period of clip ( Anderson & A Burke 1991 ) . Inactive stretching is applied to re-establish tissue snap and decrease the strain in the muscle-tendon unit with joint gesture. There are two fleshly belongingss associated with musculus tissue that have an influence on the musculus sinew unit, they are creep and stress relaxation. ( figure 3. ) , ( Cross & A Worrell 1999 ) During weirdo, the sustained extension service of the tissue under ceaseless burden means that reorientation of collagen fibers and redistribution of H2O due to increasing overall strain in CT can originate, determined by the strain energy exposed to CT ( Purslow et al 1997 ) . This is typically low magnitudes within the elastic scope. Stress relaxation operates while the musculus sinew unit is put under stretch at a kept up length, following weirdo, a lessening in force to keep the length and decrease in tissue tenseness is observed. Harmonizing to ( Kisner & A Colby 2007 ) the recovery versus lasting elongation depends on the force and clip of the distortion ( plastic ) phase in the emphasis strain curve.Study undertaken by ( Talyor et al 1990 ) found through insistent stretching of musculus tendon units of the extensor digitorum longus in coneies to a un interrupted length well lowered peak inactive tenseness. He advances this farther, proposing that stretching reduced the viscousness and/or stiffness of musculus sinews units , holding a colossal affect in increasing of articulation ROM. In relation to hysteresis, it is believed to be a strong arrow of viscousness nowadays in tissue therefore low degrees of hysteresis station inactive stretching can bespeak a diminution in viscousness. ( Kubo et al 2001 ) besides provided grounds that inactive stretching for 10 proceedingss significantly decreased the stiffness and hysteresis of tendon constructions in median gastrocnemius musculus.Compare and Contrast of TechniquesBoth therapies have associated outcome steps yet their application, effects, and force applied to connective tissue varies when bring oning these favorable result steps.With regard the application of joint mobilisations, surveies differ somewhat with regard to the length of clip the oscillatory motions are applied, ( Randall et al 1992 ) intervention dosage comprised of two sets of 20 oscillations, at a rate of 1 oscillation per sec with a interruption of 30 seconds between each set. Relation to inactive stretching ( Bandy et al 1997 ) stated for effectual additions in flexibleness determined by increased articulatio genus extension ROM one must execute inactive stretches for 30 or 60 seconds one or three times per twenty-four hours for 5 yearss per hebdomad. High buoy uping the fact that joint mobilisation seem to be more practical and less clip devouring than its opposite number.DecisionIn decision there is still no consensus sing which therapy is the most successful for handling alterations to connective tissue and decreased ROM of articulations post immobilisation. Nevertheless through the literature research grounds has shown that low and high class articulation mobilizations in isolation and in concurrence with other interventions i.e. inactive stretching are efficient in cut downing hurti ng in patients and increasing joint scope of gesture with joint immobilisation.Role of Radiographer

The risk of depression in elderly individuals Essay

This prove aims at investigating whether there is signifi raiset departure between low-spirited and non downhearted individuals level of physical activity. The interpret volitioning choose twain groups of participants downcast and non dispirit groups. Depressed individuals allow for be selected on the criteria that an individual has been in the past diagnosed with chronic or acute depression in any of the hospitals in the location while non depressed participant exit be mint who make up never been diagnosed with depression in their life time. info from both groups will be imperturbable through time serial analysis where the physical activity of the participants will be monitored three times a day at regular intervals during the day. This will be followed by analysis of temporal dynamic for participants between physical activity and depression through probe of vector autoregressive. Each participant in the study will be required to fill a self- registration form f or 3 times of a day. In addition each participant will be fitted with accelerometer to monitor their motions to determine their physical activity. The research will be based in take a leak of the location.Time series approach will be used for objective comparison between the two types of the study groups. This will give adequate development on the state depressed individuals and those that are not on the nature of their physical physical fitness that reflect direct to their physical activities. Mood of the participants will be staird employ positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS Watson, Clark and Tellegen 1988). The positive affects will include the following terms as cerebrate to the study active, excited, alert, attentive, enthusiastic, determined, high, inspired, strong, and proud in addition to happiness (Ingram, 2009). On the another(prenominal) hand negative affects will include afraid, hostile, ashamed, guilty, distressed, guilty, irritable, nervous, jittery, sa cred, and s assistanced in addition to sadness (Ingram, 2009). Other factors contribute to physical inactivity in both the groups downstairs study will be considered so that a better conclusion on the research distrust can be reached. Consequently, questionnaires will be a rich tool to examine the past history of the two groups under the study so as to be able to get details on their physical activities for a given dot of time.The information on physical activities between the two groups of people will be entered and analyzed using various appropriate statistical tools such as statistical package for social scientists (SPSS). The data will be compared between the participants with depression and those without so as to determine whether there is fundamental difference between patients with depression and those without. Further, depression will be investigated whether it affects the physical fitness of a person thus affecting his or her physical activities.Elective period descri ptionThe elective period will involve data army from both the group of participants by use of time series analysis and questionnaires. The data that will be collected will then be analysed using various statistical methods in order to compare the findings in relation to the study question.Depression is a condition that is becoming common to populations in the world. It is among the v non-communicable diseases that are prevalent across social class in societies (Bloom et al, 2011). The burden of the condition has continued to increment year and year and it was found recently to be between 10 and 15% globallyThe condition is associated with negative effects to the quality of wellness and life, which are major determinants of physical activity in patients diagnosed with it (Onat, Delialiolu, & Uar, 2014). The master(prenominal) symptoms of depression are depression mood and lack of interests in various activities. The depression condition has been linked with physical inactiveness. The physical inactivity has been the major deterrent to depression treatments because of impaired body metabolic processes (Teychenne, Ball, & Salmon, 2008). Therefore, the physical activity presents is an important indicator of depressionDepression is caused by environmental, biochemical and genetic factors. Some environmental causes include marital conflicts, stress due to loss of employment, death of a close relative, and other social related issues (Chen et al, 2014). Biochemical factors include depletion of monoamine and hormonal imbalances that qualification be triggered by environmental factors. Genetic factors have also been linked to depression where some genes mutations that are inherited in family lineages cause heredity impartation of the condition (Chen et al, 2014). The numerous causes has led to increased incidences of depression and so there is need to find ways in which the effect of the condition can be reduced so as to get word high quality of life and healt h among populations (Hafslund, Espehaug, & Nortvedt, 2012).It has well been documented that patients with depression experiences physical inactivates. However, much of the studies carried out on the relationship between depression and physical activities have showed inconsistence (Teychenne et al, 2008). People that have not experienced depression experiences decreased physical inactivity that has been related to other causes other than depression. Few studies have been conducted to compare how physical activities differ between these two groups of populations.Physical activity is an important factor in remission of depressed patients (Dinas, Koutedakis, & Flouris, 2011 Azar et al, 2010). Therefore, it is important to study the physical activity in depressed people and compare it with non depressed people. Any significant difference between the two groups will be important in therapeutic management of depression and thus lowering its burden.This research study investigates whether t here is significant difference between depressed and non depressed individual physical activities in name of the location of the study. The population has its own characteristics in terms of social, ethnic and economic characteristics.A problem bid/questionPhysical activity is an important therapeutic consideration in depressed people. However, few studies have been conducted and therefore inadequate data is available to attend physical inactivity as star of the factors in depressed people. To contribute more on this data, the research aim to address the question, if there are difference between depressed and non depressed individuals physical activity.Indication of the importance/significance of the studyThis study will highly target earshot from medical profession, rehabilitation centre who are particularly involved in management of depression, patients suffering from depression, and communities at large. The results of the study will be expect to increase and build on the kno wledge on how depression relates to the physical activities thus improving depression management and treatment. The outcome will be important to health profession in making decision on what type of management that should be adapted to depressed patients. Moreover, the results will help policy makers in health care system to develop appropriate policies that will help health care providers to deal with the condition. Therefore, the study will impact positively to health care system. The study will increase knowledge to patients with depression and help them to increase physical activity thus reducing the negative impact of depression. Hence, the study will play an important role in reducing the burden of depression globally. Moreover, this study will form the basis in which other similar studies can be conducted and developed.Hypotheses statementDo depressed and non-depressed individuals differ significantly on their levels of physical activities?The null hypothesis will be there is no significant difference between the depressed and non depressed individual physical activities while the alternative will be that there is significant difference between depressed and non depressed physical activity.Detailed work planIn the figure 1 below, the research process will involve reassessment period of two weeks. During the two weeks prior to the study, potential participants will be notified through posters and meetings and the whole procedure of the study communicated so as to prepare them for the whole period. In addition, the period will involve screening of depressed participants as detailed below. At the end of the 2 weeks, a sample of 30 depressed and 30 non depressed participants will be drawn. This will be followed by the research process that will take a period of one month (4 weeks). The actual data collection process will take place in this place and the research tools will be employed at this phase. Data analysis processes will take place for a period of 4 w eeks, which will be followed by physical composition completion and submission that is estimated that will take place for 2 weeks. This will mark the end of the research study processed.The project will run for one month (30 days) for both groups of individuals. The data will be collected 3 times a day for the built-in period for both self reported reports and questionnaires detailing participants past physical activity. The accelerometers will be inserted to patients for the entire period of the study so as to monitor their movement or motion during the period of the study. A total of 60 participants will form the study sample. 30 will be depressed patients recruited from outpatient clinic in the name of the hospital. On the other hand, 30 non depressed patients will be recruited from the general population who have never been diagnosed with depression.The participants inclusion criteria will involve of age of between 20 and 50 years limit able to complete the whole study for 30 days through filling self reports and wearing accelerometer for 24 hours the entire period. To determine illegibility of depressed participants they will be screened for depressive symptoms using various depression symptomatic protocols such as Beck depressions inventory (Stulz, & Crits-Christoph, 2010). Similarly, non-depressive patients will be assessed using the same diagnostic evaluator to prevent erroneous inclusion of depressed participant in non depressed sample. The importance of carrying out the assessment before the study is to ensure that participants are placed correctly in the study groups. On the other hand, the participants will be excluded in the study if they have been diagnosed of Psychotic Disorder or Bipolar Disorder Somatic disorders mainly affecting HPA axis function, or under ANS- Medication, which affects HPA function and visual-hearing impairments, and finally pregnant participants will be excluded through carrying out a pregnancy test). The self report will be used to measure depressive symptoms (time analysis series). This will involve a regular measurement at the frequency of three times a day for three months. Self report is an important tool that measures depressed symptoms in a more reliable way thus giving high valid results (Uher et al, 2012). In addition to self report, questionnaires will be used to measure depression symptoms.The data collection will involve self-filled reports and questionnaires. In addition, readings on accelerometers will be monitored in 24 hours and the readings recorded on self-report for 30 days. Questionnaires that will be conducted inform of interviews are expected to give the outcome of the patients depression history and the physical activities. The time series analysis is expected to give details of events and physical activities on time interval that will be recorded in the self-report. The accelerometer is expected to give the results on the motion of the participant throughout the study period. The motion of the participants will be important in determining how active the participant has been during the study.Expected resultsThe outcome of this study is expected to answer the study question. The expected results will be that there is significant difference between depressed and non depressed patients. Depressed patients are expected to show decreased activities while non depressed participants are expected to show increased physical activities thus linking depression to physical inactiveness. Decreased physical is a characteristic of depressed people and therefore, an increase in physical activity in theses people is associated with positive impact of depression by decreasing it. end for elective periodThe research will involve a period of 30 days to carry the actual study by administering questionnaires, monitoring time series analysis, and accelerometer. The other period that will be few weeks will involve data analysis and writing of the project report to finality. Thi s will ensure that the desired objective of the study will be accomplished within the study period.ReferencesAzar, D., Ball, K., Salmon, J., & Cleland, V. J. (2010). Physical activity correlates in young women with depressive symptoms a qualitative study. external journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 7(1), 3.Bloom, D.E., Cafiero, E.T., Jan-Llopis, E., Abrahams-Gessel, S., Bloom, L.R., Fathima, S., Feigl,A.B., Gaziano, T., Mowafi, M., Pandya, A., Prettner, K., Rosenberg, L., Seligman, B., Stein, A.Z., & Weinstein, C. (2011).The Global Economic Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases. Geneva World Economic ForumChen, J., Li, X., Natsuaki, M., Leve, L., & Harold, G. (2014). Genetic and Environmental Influences on Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents. Behavior Genetics, 44(1), 36-44.Dinas, P. C., Koutedakis, Y., & Flouris, A. D. (2011). Effects of exercise and physical activity on depression. Irish journal of medical science, 180(2), 319-325.Hafslund, B., Espehaug, B. , & Nortvedt, M. (2012). Health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression related to mammography screening in Norway. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 21(21/22), 3223-3234Ingram, R. E. (2009). The international encyclopedia of depression. New York SpringerLpine, J. P., & Briley, M. (2011). The increasing burden of depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 7(Suppl 1), 3-7.Onat, ., Delialiolu, S., & Uar, D. (2014). The risk of depression in elderly individuals, the factors which related to depression, the effect of depression to functional activity and quality of life. Turkish Journal Of Geriatrics / Trk Geriatri Dergisi, 17(1), 35-43.Stulz, N., & Crits-Christoph, P. (2010). Distinguishing anxiety and depression in self-report purge of the beck anxiety inventory and beck depression inventory-II. Journal Of Clinical Psychology, 66(9), 927-940.Teychenne, M., Ball, K., & Salmon, J. (2008). Physical activity and likelihood of depression in adults A review. Prev Med 46, 397-411Uher, R., Per lis, R. H., Placentino, A., Dernovek, M., Henigsberg, N., Mors, O., & Farmer, A. (2012). Self-report and clinician-rated measures of depression severity can one replace the other?. Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269), 29(12), 1043-1049.Watson, D., Clark., L., A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 541063-1070.Source document

Erie Performance Polymers Essay

INTRODUCTIONThis case tells us about Stanley Wong, division manager for Erie Performance Polymers and general till of Wuhan Erie Polymers occasion peril who had received an approval for his transfer request to Gary, Indiana, USA, headquarters of Erie. He was given the task of recommending to the board, from a list of six candidates, a inheritor to his position. During his tenure Stanley Wong has attempt to modernize the thought process of his mainly Chinese employees, at the same time being sensitive to the ethnical differences, he tried to constrain an organisational culture which was a mix of both Chinese and western set. He must make sure that his successor is sensitive to the existent differences in culture and that he is well equipped to handle problems or conflicts which these differences readiness parkway.NOMINATION OF SUCCESSOR (Q1)After considering the six candidates it can be said that altogether of them six have certain shortcomings and none can be considered ide al for the melody, however Bruce Po would probably best suit this position since he ownes several(prenominal) primal qualities required for succeeding in this position. Wright and Mischel (1987) have stated that predict adequate to(p) behaviour would be turn overd when management practices would be congruent with national cultural places which according to Earley (1994) would further turn up in high performance. According to Perlmutter (1969) polycentric unfluctuatings are those, which, by experience or by inclination of the top executive set out with the assumption that host country cultures are different and that foreigners are difficult to pull in (p11). Perlmutter (1969) further states that local people know what is best for them and the part of the firm which is located in the host country should be as local in identity as possible.Bruce Po is a national manager and possess the advantage of having the knowledge of the local business scene (Scullion & Collings, 2006). Being fluent in Chinese andhaving a good understanding of Chinese culture and traditions, he leave be open to not only communicate and affect his staff efficiently precisely also socialize and maintain good dealing with government officials, which is required for this post. Governmental policies favour appointment of HCN managers (Dowling & Welch, 2004). Wilson, Bernadin and Russel (1998) have concluded that the failure rate of PCN managers is also high compared to HCN managers. Appointment of Po would satisfy the withdraw to appoint a host country national (HCN) as the manager. Po has shown in the past that he is capable of making crucial decisions much take for this managerial post.He is intelligent, committed and hardworking and will successfully be able to implement modern business techniques which he is currently learning. The current scenario requires a manager who can ensure that the subsidiary has a similar corporate culture and shares similar values of the main firm to maximise productivity using socialization must to assert control, much like a bumblebee (Harzing, 2001). Po lacks networking skills with the head quarters and might fail to assert the required bill of control. The Chinese have shared the tradition of respect for elders for many generations (Wales, 1946). Po, being only 32 years of age might not be able to command that respect from his colleagues.AREAS WHERE CROSS-CULTURAL CONFLICTS MAY ARISE AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO SOLVE THESE CHALLENGES (Q2)According to Choi and Beamisch (2004) conflicts could cause substantial problems to a company and cultural conflicts may further beat the process. Large cultural differences would increase the difficulty for the involved groups to understand each others point of view. To get a better understanding of the cultural differences between the two nations lets take into account the research done by Hofstede (1984). Hofstede (1984) developed and named 5 dimensions, which best characterised a cultur e, enabling us to make a comparison between cultures. These five dimensions were individualism, power distance, uncertainty nullifyance, masculinity and long-term taste (Hofstede, 1984). Chinese differ substantially with respect to individualism, long term orientation and power distance when compared to the Americans (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014). These differencescould result in conflicts in the following areas- Intercultural communicationProblems often occur due to misunderstandings, which come up as a result of cultural differences in methods of negotiation and handling conflict (Adler, 1986 Adler and Graham, 1989). The Americans who are associated with individualism believe in confrontation while the collectivist Chinese try to avoid conflict and heated arguments (Hofstede, 1984). This could lead to misunderstandings when the two parties communicate. For example the Americans might think that silence from their Asian colleague is a sign of consent when actually it isnt.The Chines e might misunderstand their American colleagues arguments and confrontation as lack of respect. Even in negotiation, which is the two sided exchange of signals between parties, people from different cultures interpret signals differently negotiators might thus misread the signals or transmit an unmeant message. Thomas & Pondy (1977) have suggested that often ones words, facial expressions, body language and speech lead to attributions of intent that could cause conflict. Augsburger (1992) further stated that this phenomenon runs rampant in cross-cultural communication. Adoption of modern business practicesIts observed that collectivist values are more suited for rural economy and are very different from the individualistic values which encourage more openness, conflict and innovation (Chen, Tjosvold and Pan, 2010). It is serious for organisations to adopt modern business techniques in order to compete in emerging global market. Individualists are more up to date and endorse moder n management ideas while collectivists dont (Hofstede, 1984). These differences in individualistic and collectivist values of the two culture could lead to hindrance and conflict with regards to adopting modern business techniques (Inkeles and Smith, 1974).Selling price decisionsTaking into condition the fifth dimension, which is long-term orientation. The Chinese and the Americans have a different mindset when it comes to running a viable business. The Americans use long term strategies to achieve their terminal while the Chinese aim for quick profits. The Chinesefocus on cutting edge prices and on getting in and out of the market fast. Discussing marketing price and decisions on future prospects could lead to conflict escalation due to differences in ideology. scrap management is vital in a joint venture but to prevent conflicts by clear initial agreements and open communication is preferred. Cultural distance has been defined as basic differences between cultures, such as val ue system of ruless, beliefs, customs and rituals in addition to legal, political and economic systems (Cao, Hirschi and Deller, 2012, p. 167).According to Tung and Verbeke (2010) the first step in overcoming uncertainty and its consequences is managing this process with an understanding of cross cultural relations. Zhang, Y., Harwood, J. and Hummert, M. (2005) have stated that misunderstandings related to cultural differences can be avoided and performance can be improved by applying effective conflict management in the joint venture. Cultural awareness and cultural value systems must be put in place to overcome misunderstandings. This will help two parties to understand each other better (Tang and Ward, 2003). In a joint venture it is important that both groups understand each others point of view.This will lead to a mutual understanding between the parties enhancing trust and communication and reducing the chances of a conflict. Conflicts cannot always be averted, some need to be addressed. Conflict management set outes must be used to deal with these conflicts. Blake and mouton (1964) have stated two conflict management styles, the accommodating climb up and the avoiding approach. The accommodating approach is when concern is shown for the other group. This conflict management method is appropriate due to the fact that reaching common objectives are in the best interest of the joint venture. Finally Conflict management is a skill that can be taught and developed. It must be taught to specialists in the adult male resources section.CHALLENGE IN ATTRACTING, RETAINING AND REWARDING internationalististic TALENT (Q3)Reiche (2007) states that retention of valuable employees is a critical strategy for HR managers and organisational leaders in order to survive in the long term and achieve competitive advantage in the global economy. Senior executive selection and retention is of prime importance since they are responsible for overall direction and screen b ackground of business activity. Theretention of intellectual capital is of growing strategic importance (Tymon, Stump and Doh, 2010) and there has been a growing interest among organisations, practitioners and academics (Scullion, Collings and Gunningle, 2007). Asian countries have oddly countd significant problems with respect to employee retention despite their economic growth in recent years (Barnett, 1995). It was important to choose a successor who could motivate his employees and encourage them to be a part of the organisation for longest possible time. Stanley would also have to take into consideration the candidates ethnicity, since to work and live in mainland Chinaware might prove quite difficult for bears and they might end up leaving.Employee retention benefits both the organisation as well as the employee because organisational performance is a product of individual performance (Pfeffer and Sutton, 2006). In order to retain employees companies provide training and m entoring to their top employees which would help them broaden their skills (Groysberg, Nanda and Nohria, 2004). Wongs challenge is to communicate clear the possibilities for future training, development, and career progress which is a crucial part of a successful retention strategy (Lasserre and Ching, 1996) The successor must have good group work skills since it is observed that team work allows greater employee participation and increases organisations performance which influences motivation and satisfaction of employees (Nel et al 2002). This would lead to employee retention. Job satisfaction is very important in order to ensure that the successor retains his position for a long time. Autonomy, good relations with co-workers and working conditions are factors which influence job satisfaction.In china it is very difficult to maintain good relations with co-workers if you cant communicate in Chinese. Managers who might not be able to speak Chinese might not be satisfied with the job since they would not be able to communicate and maintain relations with their co-workers. The bribe system is strongly influenced by economic and social factors. According to Schhuster and Zingheim (1992) designing of the reward system must be done strategically in a way to reward results and behaviour, which are accordant with goals of the organisation. WEP must use the total reward approach, which takes into consideration the totality of extrinsic/intrinsic and transactional/relational rewards in reward design (Thompson, 2002). The challenge that Wong faces is to shape reward systems such that they balancethe needs and desires of HCNs, PCNs and TCNs (Fisher, Schoenfeldt and Shaw, 1999). He must make sure that he motivates his employees by ensuring that compensation is given to skilled employees who achieve their targets and make international business operations succeed (McNally, 1992).Harvey (1995) identified the problem that compensation was different for HCNs and expatria tes. Often expatriates make more money than HCNs who might have a job of equal or more importance (Harvey, 1995). This might make the HCN employees feel like they are being treated unfairly (Fisher, Shoenfeldt and Shaw, 1999). Wong faces the challenge of trying to create a somewhat equal compensatory system. He must tailor rewards to fit the Chinese culture.(Westerman, Beekun, Daly and Vanka, 2009). Wong must consider the balance sheet approach, which facilitates mobility among expatriate staff in the most cost affective manner (Reynolds, 1995).This approach is considered expensive and complicated. Phillips and fox (2003) have stated that this is not an effective means of attracting and retaining the best expatriates. An alternative approach would be the going rate approach, which is primarily based on host country market pay rates (Dowling, Welch and Schuler, 1994). A good reward system could attract, retain and motivate employees. It is important for WEP to offer special benefits such as housing provision and cost of living allowances to attract expatriates. Benefits were found to be an important component in encouraging prospect expatriates to accept international assignments (Konopaske and Werner, 2005). Job applicants are attracted to organisations that fit with their personal values (Kristof, 1996).CONCLUSIONTo conclude we can advance that Stanley Wong has numerous factors to take into consideration before nominating a successor. Neglecting cultural differences, dependency on the other partner and unresolved conflicts could lead to termination of the joint venture (Kemp, 1999). With a large increase in globalization rate over the years in order to create an environment in which workers are able to communicate and achieve common goals, it is important that multinational organizations learn to integrate diverse value systems and engage global work values (Rosenblatt, 2011 Erez and Drori, 2009 Ralston, Holt, Terpstra & Kai-cheng, 1997).REFERENCESAdler, N. (1986). International dimensions of organisational behavior. The International Executive, 28(1), 31-32. Adler, N. and Graham, J. (1989). Cross-Cultural Interaction The International Comparison Fallacy?. J Int Bus Stud, 20(3),.515-537. Augsburger, D. (1992). Conflict mediation across cultures Pathways and patterns. Louisville, Ky. Westminster/John Knox Press Barnett, R. (1995). Flexible benefits conference is the key, Benefits and Compensation International, 24(6), 25-28. Blake, R., & Mouton, J. (1964). The managerial grid Key orientations for achieving production through people. Houston, Tex. Gulf Pub. Cao, L., Hirschi, A., & Deller, J. (2012). Self-initiated expatriates and their career success. Journal of counsel Development, 31(2), 159-172.Chen, Y., Tjosvold, D. and Pan, Y. (2010). Collectivist team values for KoreanChinese co-worker relationships and job performance. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34(5), 475-481.Choi, C., & Beamish, P. (2004). Split manageme nt control and international joint venture performance. Journal of International problem Studies, 35(3), 201-215.Dowling, P., & Welch, D. (2004). International human resource management. London Thomson.Earley, P. (1994). Self or Group? Cultural Effects of Training on Self-Efficacy and Performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39(1), 89.Erez, Miriam and Gili S. Drori. (2009) orbicular Culture and Organizational Processes in Rabi S. Bhagat and Richard M. Steers (eds.) Handbook of Culture, Organizations, and Work, Cambridge University Press,148-179. Fisher, C., & Schoenfeldt, L. (1999). world resource management (4th ed.). Boston Houghton Mifflin.Geert-hofstede.com,. (2014). United States Geert Hofstede. Retrieved 28November 2014, from http//geert-hofstede.com/united-states.html Groysberg, B., Nanda, A., & Nohria, N. (2004). The risky business of hiring stars. In Harvard Business Review (pp. 1-10). Boston, Mass.Harvard Business Online. Harvey, M. (1995). The Impact of dual-car eer families on international relocations. kind-hearted Resource Management Review Studies, 5,223-244.Hofstede, G. (1984). Cultures consequences (p. 153). Beverly Hills Sage Publications Harzing, A. (2001). Of bears, bumble-bees, and spiders the role of expatriates in controlling foreign subsidiaries. Journal Of World Business, 36(4), 366-379. Inkeles, A., & Smith, D. (1974). worthy modern Individual change in six developing countries. Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press. Kemp, M. (1999). Science in culture. Nature, 646-646.Konopaske, R., & Werner, S. (n.d.). US managers willingness to accept a global assignment Do expatriate benefits and assignment length make a difference? The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1159-1175. Lasserre, P. and Ching, P.-S. 1996. From expatriation to localization of managers in China. INSEAD Euro-Asia Centre, Research series no 41. Fountainbleu INSEAD Mcgraw, P. (n.d.). Book Reviews P.J. Dowling, R.S. Schuler and D.E. Welch (199 4) International Dimensions of Human Resource Management, 2nd edn Belmont Wadsworth. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 145-146. Perlmutter, H. V. (1969). The tortuous evolution of the multinational corporation. Columbia Journal of World Business , Jan/Feb, 9-18. Phillips, L., & Fox, M. (n.d.). Compensation strategy in transnational corporations. Management Decision, 465-476. Ralston, D., Holt, D., Terpstra, R., & Kai-cheng, Y. (1997). The Impact of Natural Culture and Economic Ideology on Managerial Work Values A Study of the United States, Russia, Japan, and China. J Int Bus Stud, 28(1) Reiche, B. (2007). The effect of international staffing practices on subsidiary staff retention in multinational corporations. The International Journal Of Human Resource Management, 18(4), 523-536 Rosenblatt, V. (2011). The impact of institutional processes, social networks, and culture on diffusion of global work values in multinational organizations. Cross Cultural Management, 18(1), 105-1 21.Scullion, H., & Collings, D. (2006). Global staffing. London Routledge. Scullion, H.,Collings,D.G., and Gunningle, P.. (2007). International human resource management in the 21st century Emerging themes and contemporary, Human Resource Management Journal, 17(4), 309-19Ssonko, D. (n.d.). Training Management A Multidisciplinary Approach to Human Resource Development in Southern Africa, P.S. van Dyk, P.S. Nel, P. van Z Loedolff and G.D. Haasbroek, Oxford University Press, Southern Africa, Cape Town, 2001, pp. 476. European Management Journal, 107-108.Tang, J., & Ward, A. (2003). The changing face of Chinese management. London RoutledgeThomas, K.W. & Pondy, L.R. (1977). Toward an intent model of conflict management among principal parties. Human Relations, 30 1089-l 102. Tung, R., & Verbeke, A. (2010). Beyond Hofstede and GLOBE Improving the quality of cross-cultural research. J Int Bus Stud, 41(8), 1259-1274. Tymon, W., Stumpf, S., & Doh, J. (n.d.). Exploring Talent Management In In dia The Neglected Role Of Intrinsic Rewards. Journal of World Business, 109-121. Wales, N. (1946). Chinese Family and Society . Olga Lang. Far Eastern Survey, 15(17), 271-271. Westerman, J., Beekun, R., Daly, J., & Vanka, S. (n.d.). Personality and national culture Predictors of compensation strategy preferences in the United States of America and India. Management Research News, 767-781. Wilson, M., Bernardin, H., & Russell, J. (1998). Instructors manual and test bank to accompany Human resource management an experiential approach, 2nd edition. Boston Irwin/McGraw-Hill.Wright, J., & Mischel, W. (1987). A conditional approach to dispositional constructs The local predictability of social behavior. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 53(6), 1159-1177.Zhang, Y., Harwood, J. and Hummert, M. (2005). Perceptions of Conflict Management Styles in Chinese Intergenerational Dyads. Communication Monographs Vol. 72, No. 1. Zingheim, P., & Schuster, J. (n.d.). Designing Pay and Rewa rds in Professional Services Companies. Compensation & BenefitsReview, 55-62

Advertising: It’s Everywhere

Advertising Its EverywhereNo, its not your imagination. The amount of earthly concernise and marketing North Americans argon exposed to day-by-day has exploded over the past decade studies show, that on average we see 3,000 ads per day. At the gas pumps, in the movie theatre, in a washroom stall, during sporting eventsadvertising is impossible to avoid. Even outer space isnt safe from commercialization the Russian space program launched a rocket bearing a 30-foot Pizza chantey logo, and approximately companies have investigated placing ads in space that will be visible from earth.The challenge of the future may be finding public and private spaces that be free of advertising. Marketers argon pressed to find even more innovative and aggressive ways to cut through the ad clutter or ad fatigue of modern life. Heres an overview of some of the ways marketers ar targeting us * Ambient advertising Ambient advertising refers to intrusive ads in public places. With the cost of tralat itious media advertising skyrocketing and a glut of ads fighting for consumers attention, marketers are aggressively seeking out new advertising vehicles.Cars, bicycles, taxis and b works have become moving commercials. Ambient ads appear on store floors, at gas pumps, in washrooms stalls, on elevator walls, park benches, telephones, fruit and even pressed into the sand on beaches. Even some members of the industry itself are critical of this trend to slap ads on everything. Bob Garfield, columnist for the ad industry magazineAdvertising Age, calls this plethora of commercial messages purlieu pollutants. Others worry that this deluge of advertising will create a backlash with consumers. Stealth- endorsers Marketers are moving away from the traditional use of celebrities as product hucksters, since a cynical public no longer believes that celebrities actually use the products they endorse in commercials. The trend now is to brand celebrities with specific merchandise by having the m use or wear products in public appearances or promote them in media interviewswithout making it clear that the celebrities are paid spokespeople. * Naming rights Corporations are turning public spaces into commodities by purchasing naming rights to arenas, theatres, parks, schools, museums and even subway systems.Cash-strapped municipalities see naming rights as a way to raise much-needed revenues without raising taxes. * Targeted advertising Targeted ads are a form of Internet marketing. Using sophisticated data collecting technologies, Web sites can combine a users personal information with surfing preferences to create ads that are specifically tailored for that user. * Cross-merchandizing A wave of media mergers over the past decade has produced a handful of powerful conglomerates that now own all the major subscribe studios, TV networks, radio and television stations, cable channels, Internet, book and magazine publishing and music companies.These giant conglomerates use the ir various media holdings to promote products and artists through massive cross-promotional campaigns. For example, when the worlds largest recreation conglomerate AOL Time Warner was preparing the release of the needHarry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone, it enlisted all its various media divisionscable systems, speciality channels, TV networks, magazines and Internet companiesto help mass-market the movie and the spin off merchandise.Commenting on the phenomenally successful cross-promotional approach used to market the film (Harry Potter smashed all previous opening records, grossing $90 million in its first weekend) AOL Time Warner executive Richard Parsons explained This drove synergy both ways. Not only did we use our promotional and advertising platforms to help create awareness, we used the film to drive traffic to those vehicles. * Product placement The future of product placement as a successful advertising tool was assured when the 1982 filmEThave Reeses Pieces in a piv otal scenecausing sales of the candy to jump 65 per cent.Since that time, product placement in movies, on TV, and increasingly in video games, has become a commonplace marketing technique. The marketing company FeatureThis extols the virtues of product placement for potential clients, on its Web site Break through the cluttered media entertainment environment inexpensively, it claims product placement in feature films and television reaches millions of consumers, over and over again. With the advent of technologies such as TiVo, which allow consumers to disregard out TV commercials, product placement is taking on an even greater importance.TV producers are looking for new ways to integrate advertising and content. Basing an constitutional show around a product is one technique and giving viewers the capability of immediately purchasing products featured on the program is another. sideline a segment of the NBC TV showWill and Grace, in which a character wore a pink Polo shirt, th e network ran a 10-second clip telling viewers to go to the Polo Web site (which is 50 per cent owned by NBC) to purchase one.The site sold $3,000 worth of shirts over the next five days. In the near future, Interactive TV will allow users to order a pair of pants that your favourite TV star is wearing, merely by clicking on them. * Digital or virtual advertising Digital advertising goes one step further than product placement by using computer applied science to add products to scenes that were never there to begin with.This practice is common in sporting events coverage, where ads are digitally inserted onto the billboards, sideboards and playing surfaces in arenas and stadiums. While digital ads are mainly used in sports coverage, virtual advertising is starting to break into the entertainment world as producers digitally insert products into TV scenes after the scenes are shot. The technology also allows product names to be altered in scenes, creating the potential for new adve rtising revenues when series are sold into syndication.

New criticism essay

Grace Lear Ms. Joan Richmond English 2261 17 Feb. 2013 wise Criticism A Focused Summary New criticism is a type of literary theory that focuses on the close reading of literature and how the literature functions as the object its meant to be. No external influences are to be taken into consideration, stringently the writing itself. This movement emphasizes the text in literature and explains the writers meat to the reader. The authors intention, excluding historical and cultural context is taken into consideration for analysis.When reading as a New Critic its important to separate emotion and the literal text used by the author, which can be hard to do. button up reading is something used by New Critics to bring out the straightforward and uncontroversial approach to understanding literature. Terms like paradox, ambiguity, irony, and tension help notice down the story in different ways to understand the meaning new critics expect. These terms also show a conservative side to New Criticism taking away the controversial, external, social issues like race, gender and class.New criticism is sometimes looked at as the scientific approach to reading literature compared to otherwise theories. In order to analyze in a new critic way its important to take notice of the terms above and the literal meaning of the setting, plot and theme. The subject and the object of the story should be separated and stable in mind while readers analyze in this type of theory. The focus should be literal not emotional and bring out the social function and effect of the literature the writer makes.The application of this theory, New Criticism can be shown by means of the story A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner. The title A Rose for Emily could symbolize death. This also could also symbolize her oppressed, sad life cod to her father, possibly meaning she was dead before she actually died (437). The man himself lay in the bed what was left of him, rotted beneath what was left of t he nightshirt, had become unresolvable from the bed in which he lay (Faulkner). This connects to the on release theme of an honest-to-goodness generation struggling to keep its place in this modern era.The tension amid the past and the present or two generations is seen in the background of this story. Emilys house was called a stubborn and coquettish decay compared to the gasoline pumps next to her house. The older generation of the town took care of Miss Emily in respects to her father (who donated money to the city). A sort of hereditary obligation, until the new generation mayors and aldermen anticipate taxes from her (Faulkner). There are some flashbacks to the past, which create images of death in her past specifically her fathers death.Is it ironic she doesnt want to believe hes dead? She told them that her father was not dead. She did that for three days with ministers calling on her and the doctors trying to persuade her(Faulkner) This could possibly mean the past isnt order to let go of a new coming era, an ongoing theme shown throughout this story. The description of her home, old furniture, dusty rooms, and dark shadowy halls are stunning details. The smell of her home due to dead bodies is so bad towns people come by to drop lime through her basement windows.These all reach out an eerie, dirty image and mood for the story. The gesture of why wouldnt she put postal numbers on her house is her almost refusing new society that spurned her right back. Her characteristics steady show stubbornness, isolation and rejection. The main point of the story is to show the comparisons between the old days and the new and tensions between them are shown through Emilys sad life. Another story that can be used to explain New Criticism would be Hills like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway in the use of characters, symbolism and conflict.In the story the only character that is referred to as the American is the male protagonist. He is distant from her on an emotional level and create what he thinks would be a resolution to a problem he clearly cares nothing about. The other character is a non-English speaking waitress who is deep in her own but is indecisive and afraid to say what she wants. These characters create tension throughout the story. The symbolism is started in the title Hills like White Elephants making readers question the comparison between the two.The White Elephant is the burden and decision of the unborn baby. They look like White Elephants (Hemingway). The waitress is talking about the hills but later deciding they didnt look like elephants, which could lead to her indecisiveness about what to do with the baby. The setting of the story is at a train station, which creates theme and symbol. The train tracks going in different directions are the crossroads of their relationship on their decision of what to do with the unborn baby. She comments on the hills being beautiful and the country being embrown or dry

The Employees Who Attracted and Committed

Do you believe that employees atomic number 18 more(prenominal) attracted and committed to ethical organizations? Are you? wherefore or Why not ? Make a list of the companies you would prefer to field of study for and state the reason why? Are there in any case companies that you fend to choke for? Why? Are there ethically neutral companies that do not cash in ones chips on other list. I believe that employees argon more attracted and committed to ethical organizations. Because employees argon come from ethical organization and they have a duty of care and loyalty to their employer and company during the period of time that they are employed.They are tried hard for their family and company so it contributed to their environment. I would like to work at BMW company and Mitsubishi company. BMW AG originated with three other manufacturing companies, Rapp Motorenwerke and Bayeriche Flugzeugwerke (BFw) in Bavaria, and Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach in Thuringia in 1996. Rapp Motorenwerke manufacture Aircraft engine in world war 1and BFw manufacture motorcycle. BMW became an automobile manufacture in 1929. Then, BMW have 69,518 worker and percent epoch over age 50 23. 1 . BMW is the most largest manufacturing company in the world.And also in business, BMW is the best management so I would like to work in this company. BMW classify has created a holistic and crosscutting approach to addressing demographic change at the workplace. This program comprises innovative initiatives in the areas of health promotion , training and knowledge management , work environment , and personalized retirement models. Equal opportunity is given to all employees irrespective of age to participate in training programs. BMW encourages employees to keep on learn during their whole working life.BMW introduced a flextime model in 1993 and 25,000 employees are able to arrange their individual work times. BMW started a part-time position. All employees have the resource to take a personal le ave of between one and six months. Mobile working offers additional flexibility. With mobile working, employees are in a remedy position to combine their personal life and their working time than they used to. In addition, BMWs exercise program offers ergophysiotherapy and prevention related to the workplace, cardio and strength training, as well as treatments for acute and chronic pain.They pay many facilities for employees and they concentrate on employees life so I would like to work in this company. The Mitsubishi was starting time established as a shipping firm by Yataro Iwasaki (1834-1885) in 1870. In 1873, its name was changed to Mitsubishi Shokai. The name Mitsubishi ( mitsu meaning three and hishi (which becomes bishi under rendaku) meaning pee caltrop (also called water chestnut) and hence rhombus, which is reflected in the companys famous logo. It is also translated as three diamonds.Period of diversification are Mitsubishi UFJ monetary Group (founded in 1919) ,Mitsub ishi Corporation (founded in 1950), Mitsubishi Motors (the six largest Japan-based auto manufacturer), Mitsubishi Atonic Industry (a nuclear power company), Mitsubishi Power systems (a power generation division), Nikon Corporation (specializing in optics and imaging). This Mitsubishi Group is the best company in Japan and contributing the ethical organizations so I would like to work in this company.In Mitsubishi Group they recognize that their employees are an invaluable asset. Therefore, they respect the rights and individually of every one who work in their group. And they do their utmost to ensure their working environment are safe and impart offer opportunities for the employees to develop their capabilities. For human beings resource development-training program (personal development training, training for newly appointed managers, life planning training) .For work-life Balance Measures for supporting efforts to balance work and family life), child care, Nursing (the maximu m combined period of nursing leave and shortened working hours is 365 days per family member to be nursed ) Registration strategy is open to all former employees regardless of their reason for leaving, including childbirth and nursing. It is a new back-to-work scheme which meets a various changes in life stages. For those reason, I pauperization to work in Mitsubishi Group. There are dickens companies that I refuse to work for.They are Tesco and Eli Lilly. Tesco is a British multinational market place and general trade in retailer headquartered in Cheshunt , United Kingdom. It is the Third-largest retailer in the world measured by revenues (after Wal-Mart). It has stores in 14 countries across Asia, Europe and North America and is the grocery market leader in the UK (where is has a market share of around 30%) Malaysia , the Republic of Ireland and Thailand. The company was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen as a group of market stalls.The Tesco name premiere appeared in 1924, after Cohen purchased a shipment of tea from T. E stock well and combined those initials with the first two letters of his surname, and the first Tesco store opened in 1929 in Burnt Oak, Middlesex. In 2011, Tesco launched a range of Tesco Venture Brands. Although profits were 1. 9 billion for the first half of 2011, sales growth in the UK was the lowest in 20 years, partly due to shoppers switching to bugest rivals. In April 2012 Tesco re-launched its own brand Tesco Everyday nurture with new packing and recipes.But Tesco got Sledgehammer Award for silencing criticism from Consumers International Bad Company Awards 2008 (the Consumers International bad company Awards highlight irresponsible behavior by some of the worlds leading brands, drawing attention to notable consumer rights issues over the past 12 months). So I do not compulsion to work in Tesco company. Eli Lilly and company is a global pharmaceutical company. Eli Lillys global headquarters is located in Indianapolis, Indiana, in the United States. The company also has offices in Puerto Rico and 17 other countries. Their products are sold in approximately 125 countries.The company was founded in 1876 by a pharmaceutical chemist, Eli Lilly. later on whom the company was ultimately named. Among other specialties Lilly was the first company to mass produce penicillin, as well as one of the first pharmaceutical companies to produce human insulin using recombinant DNA , and today is the worlds largest manufacture and distributor of psychiatric medications. A fortune 500 corporation. Eli Lilly had revenues of $ 20 billion in 2008, qualification it the 148th largest company in the United State and the 10th largest corporation by global pharmaceutical sales.In one of three cases to ever go to trail for selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor indication in suicide, a Kentucky man, Joseph Wesbecker who had been on Prozac, went to his workplace and opened fire, killing seven people and injuring 12 others before tur ning the gun on himself. The assess later revoked the case as settled. The second case was Equal Employment Opportunity Commission of violating the federal anti-discrimination law when they withheld severance benefits to Johson. Johson originally field a discrimination charge after she was fired in 2005.She is a black woman and became disfigured in 1997 when she was exposed to a blood pathogen. Her charge claimed that her supervisor stated that he was put in charge so that he could watch her and get rid of her and that no one liked looking at her. Eli Lilly was ordered to pay $54,400 in severance pay, $ 7,000 in interest and compensatory damages, along with $ 3,000 in attorney fees. The field of pharmaceutical is confuse and I am not interesting in this field so I would not like to work in Eli Lilly.There is ethically neutral company that do not belong on either list. This company is Toyota company. Toyota Motor sales, U. S. A . , Inc. , was formed Oct. 31, 1957, establishing its headquarters in a former Rambler dealership in Hollywood, Calif. Sales began in 1958 and add up a modest 288 vehicles. Their vision is Create working environments for various employees to work proudly and with loyalty and confidence in fulfilling their potential, which realize their self-growth.The service for the employees are humankind resource development, Diversity and Inclusion, safety and Health, Confidence (Maintain stable employment and provide fair working conditions), Pride and loyalty. These companies are the best in the world. And also the employers are concentrating on the benefit of the employees and their family. Then, the employees are distributing their company by trying hard and studying their work. So they are attracted and committed to their ethical organizations.

Ritual – wine taralli

Nonnas Wine Taralli In a tiny house surrounded by a forest of fig trees in Rende, Cosenza, Calabria, my great great gran taught her little granddaughter how to book Nonnas Wine Taralli. That little girl would eventually become my grandmother and she would also teach me the art of wine taralli-making. Two cups of my grandfathers homemade snow-clad wine, fourteen ounces of canola oil and sugar, two teaspoons of baking powder, an envelope of Lievito Bartolino, tercet and a half pounds of flour and un po di aranzi, as my Italian grandmother says, which are the licorice-flavoured seeds of the nise.These ingredients combine to make Nonnas Wine Taralli a cookie-textured, ring shaped and slightly sweetened version of the traditional Italian taralli, whose recipe has been passed on for generations by the women in my southern-Italian family. Come choke and spring, a grandmother makes an abundance of wine taralli in the presence of daughters and granddaughters who watch intently and hel p accordingly.According to Searles Taxonomy, the making of Nonnas Wine Taralli is regarded as ritualistic behavior as it is collective, formal, performance and formative, trengthens existing social statuses and relationships, and exudes ultimate goals. To begin, the making of Nonnas Wine Taralli is consistent with Searles Taxonomy as it is collective, meaning there are at least two batch (Searle 19) as well as formal since it calls for conformity, can non be improvised and is not spontaneous (20). The legal action is collective. It involves at least two and at most three women a grandmother, her daughter and her granddaughter in any which combination.The activity is formal. Each and every ingredient is essential. There is not much, if any, room for improvisation. The flavour is entirely dependent on each and every ingredient. If certain ingredients are missing, sacrificed or substituted, the wine taralli will not taste as they are expected to taste and should taste. There is not just now an expected taste, but also an expected and fixed order of events. The beating of the oil, sugar and white wine come first, followed by the sifting of the flour, baking powder, Lievito Bartolino and aranzi, then the kneading of the dough, the cutting of the strips and finally, the formation of the rings.Furthermore, the activity is performance. It can be seen as performance as it is bodily and demands its participants submit to a particular subroutine (22). The activity involves the beating and sifting of the essential ingredients and the kneading of the dough through folding, pressing, and stretching, which require steady hand and wrist movements. It also involves roles which are quite fixed and unchanging. I come back standing on top of a chair in order to reach the counter of my grandmothers kitchen at the young age of five.I watched her perform er role which involved kneading the dough with her strong hands as I waited anxiously for my role to come, which consisted of rolling the soft dough into strips and then forming them into the tarallis distinct ring-like shape. Throughout the years, the roles in the midst of my grandmother and I piddle remained the same. Finally, the making of wine taralli is formative and strengthens existing relationships and social statuses (24). An abundance are made to last several months since we gather only twice a year to make them.Since so many ot them are being produced at one time, he participants, especially young granddaughters like myself, have the opportunity to develop the ability to create and perfect the art of taralli-making. It also allows participants to strengthen existing familial and cultural bonds and social statuses. The familial bond amid grandmothers, mothers and daughters and the familial status of being a member of this particular family are present and strengthened. The cultural bond that is shared in being members of the Italian hereditary pattern is strengthened by the practicing of an age old cultural tradition.The bond of womanhood is trengthened in that the participants are exclusively Italian women from the same family. These bonds are present era not explicitly stated. While there is only a small group of participants, the bonds and social statuses that are shared amongst them are strong and meaningful. A frequent Italian saying that is spoken by my grandmother when making wine taralli is, one can resolve any argument over a sparkler of wine and a handful of taralli. As I get older, it becomes more clear to me what the ultimate goals of this ritual are and how they are achieved.

A Visual And Verbal Narrative

Malia Wittgenstein had finally make up her mind she would pursue a promising job offer, with Starcom Fashion Design Company in Washington as a personal assistant to the director. Malia was willing to pop off behind her usual disembodied spirit in Newcastle UK.Her have it offr Jethro who was a Chef in a renowned Newcastle hotel, was not golden ab pop her decision but he could not control her considering the fact that she had caught him flirting with a prostitute in a local pub. Jethro, had apologized profusely but Malia seemed to think that he was treating her that way because she was jobless at the time.Malia sat in the sitting room staring at the two bags she had packed for her departure. Emotions overwhelmed her, as she thought of her usual invigoration in Newcastle. Malia had built all her look around Jethro but his betrayal in a intoxicated stupor had neutralized all her trust in him.As she stared at their portrait on the wall, so more emotions were running through her, she bonkd and hated him at the same time. She smiled at the memories of good old generation and shed tears when she remembered their latest scuffles with Jethro. Malia seemed to be sure that all she needed was to lay out away from Newcastle, and turn off to Jethro that she could turn around and make it in life.She looked at a painting hanging loosely on the wall depicting a girl in pursuit. The painting seemed to collude with what she was going through and matte up so much in touch with the painting. Suddenly she felt nostalgic and was not sure if she should go or not and tears filled her eyes.Malia was not sure if she was making a mistake or not by leaving Newcastle and more so if she was wrong about Jethro and if he really meant his love to her as he had promised earlier in a bid to try and coarse her not to leave him.She had decided to leave today because Jethro would be busy at work and would not try to force out her to leave through his sweet tongue. She cried and sobbed with a heavy heart not trusting if she could leave the life she had so much gotten used to. When she finally calmed she took a paper and a pen and wrote a permitter to JethroTo my first love,I never k smart the meaning of love until I met you Jethro. You were the first man to take away my honor and I dont regret it because then I knew I loved you and you loved me. When my parents died and I lost everything, God brought you to my life and you have been the only family I have ever known.I am fluid hurting because you cheated on me the other day. I dont know why, but I ask to hate you so much yet I cant because I still love you so much. Why did you hurt me so bad? Is it because I am jobless unlike you? This new job offer in Washington is promising and I think it will make me happy and thats why I want to leave and let myself be.I hate to confess this but I dont know if I will ever be able to get you out of my mind Jethro. Please dont try to stop me because I wont let you. I have to leave now dont worry I will get in touch after sometime. Jethro? Do you really love me as you are professing? Am I the woman of your dreams and are you certain that you really want to marry me as you told me last dark?From your Cherry,Malia

Acoustic Design in Architecture

IntroductionThe mark of this study is to bring forth a invention strategy for the transition of a big direction to a multi usage theater. The study will show the necessary things that need to be considered to guarantee a satisfactory acoustic environment by mensurating the jobs encountered with acoustic design and how to undertake them. The study will bet at the jobs related to this infinite and present possible solutions and recommendations based on the information available.Initial programAs in every instance, this room presents it s ain alone set of jobs, which involve really common factors such as the form and size of the room, the intended usage of the infinite, the budget and the basic Torahs of acoustics.The phase will be best positioned at the Centre of the E wall, as shown in Fig.1 The audience deepness will be shal scurvy and broad so that the best can be appreciated from a presentation or existence presentation both visually and acoustically. More significantly, the belong making the audience will be equally distributed.With the phase positioned on the E wall, the obvious measure is to put the commixture desks and equipment storage in the boxed coarse opposite the phase. The walls are made of gypsum board. The room measures 15.176m broad and 12.176 long with an excess poke on the side mensurating 5m by 3.396m. The seating capacity will be about 80-100.ProblemsAlthough this is the logical elbow room to place the phase and seating, there is a large job with the design that needs to be ironed out the roof is high and airy on one side of the room yet lower-ranking and dense on the other. As symmetricalness is critical in acoustic design, this is a large job. However, troubles would besides originate if the phase were positioned at one of the narrower sides of the room because the audience would still non acquire even sound distribution.The Windowss pose another large job for the proposal of the design. If they were a coveted characteristi c a sound-reducing windowpane could be fitted, but these are expensive and normally favoured in entering studios or topographic points where opthalmic presentation is non involved. For the intents of this undertaking, which must suit controlled lighting and projectors, daytime and the alterations in daytime would be unacceptable. The demand for Windowss in this instance is excess.The undertaking support can non justify electrical devices to command echo but decent committedness demands to be made towards sound support. For the intent of leasing the infinite to administrations outside of the university, it needs to be classed as a music locale, which brings with it it s ain set of demands in footings of equipment and care every bit wide as in the acoustic design.Trials with sound inside the infinite demand to be conducted before the vocaliser agreement can be determined.Solutions and recommendationsWallsThe wall opposite the phase will necessitate diffusors to administer or absor b the sound and modulate echo clip. Curtains along the dorsum of the phase country will fox more(prenominal) options once the locale is up and running and could besides be extended to the North and southwestern walls, in add-on to the absorbers and diffusors. Rigid Rocksil walling is first-class, but expensive. There are many fiberboard solutions on the market, which would be a cheaper option. These can be screwed to the bing wall.FloorA inexpensive and effectual option for the floor is intelligent felt spread over carpet pad with a tight rug on the top. An attractive, but more expensive option would be to put wooden flooring over the top of the thick carpet pad the difficult surface of the wood could heighten the sound timber excessively a great deal ticklish trappings may deaden the sound.CeilingThe best solution to the job with the ceiling is to happen a balance between the sound generated under the high ceiling, with that being generated under the low side. As the cou ntry on one side of the room will hold a different sound quality to the other side, absorbers need to be fitted to the high ceiling to antagonize echo and a set of diffusors to the low ceiling to maximize the quality of the sound, ( see figure 2 ) . An aesthetic characteristic can be made of the high subdivision of the ceiling utilizing the reflectors and absorbers.Windows & A doorsThe solid fire doors will non leak much sound. Vibration leaked through the doorcase can be greatly decreased utilizing doorcase sound gaskets. The Windowss would be best removed or blocked with absorbers. An air conditioning system will necessitate to be installed, even if the Windowss remain, air conditioning is still perfectly necessary with so much insularity.Free stand absorbersAnother ideal manner to add flexibleness to the working design of the studio is to include detached sound absorbers, deflectors and diffusors. These can be moved around to suit with the nature of public presentation or pres entation and the size of the audience. They can besides be usage made without excessively much disbursal. decisionThe initial job facing this undertaking faces is the multi intent usage for which it has been designated and the flexibleness that is required from the finished design. stand music and citation require different methods of application in acoustic design.Address and play public presentations depend mostly on design made with good intelligibility in head, where as acoustic design for music locales needs to take other factors into consideration that may non work out best for address and frailty versa. In add-on to this, The University has limited financess for the undertaking. The of import factor here is that the design must be finished to a competitory criterion and the locale must be able to run swimmingly if The University is to do the theater a commercial success.More research needs to be carried out inside the room to find how, precisely, the issue with the ceiling can be decently resolved. The acoustics of the infinite will necessitate to be tested before work is carried out, utilizing a little sound system that can set up the extent of alteration in sound from one side of the room to the other.BibliographyMakrinenko, L. , Ed, Bradley, J.S.,1986. Acousticss of Auditoriums in Public Buildings, brisk York Acoustic Society of America.Elsea P, 1996. ACOUSTIC TREATMENT FOR HOME STUDIOS, California University of California Santa Cruz.Ed. Wallace Clement Sabine, 1921. Collected Documents on Acousticss, New York 5 Acoustical Society of AmericaAcoustic Absorbers and Diffusers Theory, Design, and Applicationby Trevor J. Cox, Peter DAntonio, Spon Press ( April 1, 2004 )

Retired Teacher

Implementing measure To T for each one Using a Flow Chart DEtte Griffin blemish 11, 2013 EDU 618 Dr. Thinh Nguyen Learning Setting The acquirement setting is a middle school in rural Espanola, unused Mexico. The school is only 8th and 9th set up, about six hundred scholars. Having only two grades causes some of the written report problems of the school to be exaggerated. Schools with only two grades set up unique problems, missing the third grade which balances the school. Eighty five percent of these students argon on the free lunch political platform, many of their families are on welfare, unemployment, disability or study very low paying jobs.The poverty rate in Espanola, wise Mexico is very high. The racial break-down is about 49% Hispanic, 28% Native Ameri rotter, 20% Caucasian and 3% Afri tin Ameri posterior. The schools supply has noticed that many of the students lack positive component part traits, low direct discipline problems they arrest low test scores and a huge bullying problem. The administrators and staff score decided to bring in a schoolroom precaution computer weapons platformme that bequeath address these issues. The program the principal has decided to implement is c completelyed Time To pick up. The principal has hired a trainer and the dates have been set.This publisher impart explore the function of choosing and implement a classroom management program by use the project logic prototype. The program logic model is limnd as a picture of how your governing does its work the theory and assumptions underlying the program. A program logic model links egresss (both short- and long-term) with program activities/processes and the hypothetic assumptions/principles of the program. (Kellogg, 2004 p. 111) The goal of an educator is to educate, but every administrator and educator knows that that is easier said than do.The goal of education is oft hindered by inappropriate fashions that stop statement, stop learnin g and are a waste of time. Initial attempts to set upon this problem begin with posting all the school-wide rules and persuadeations and a list of what the consequences for failure to follow the rules. Schools wanting to shape a positive learning environment and sense of community to must go beyond the sanctioned rules and communicate the vision of the school. The vision should be shared among staff, students and the community and all stakeholders need to buy-in.The students must be buy-in the importance of good behavior and character, furtherto a greater extent fabricate active participants in making their school better. The behavioural expectations provide be displayed in every classroom as the expectations pass oning posted throughout the campus as well as the schools vision. It is equally key to remember to periodically update the vision as undeniable to maintain personal and cultural relevance. (Dahlgren, Malas, Faulk and Lattimer,(2008, p. 188) When choosing a vision for your school it whitethorn take on many varied forms the authors continue, there is no right way to have it, the important thing is upright to have it. (p. 189) Finally they suggest Vision and Mission statements should be revisited in trey to four years to suppose the cultural changes and relevance of the times. Mission Statement The mission of Carlos Vigil pose School is to guide students to become productive and contributing members of society. Carlos Vigil Middle School leave provide strong pedantic and co-curricular programs. The staff shall coordinate resources of the school and community so that students will respect themselves and others, while appreciating the value of diversity, individuality, creativity.Recognize that problems are opportunities of change. We adjudicate a set of moral standards and character traits that allows them to thrive in the world. Students will be taught with Unconditional convinced(p) hear and instructors will model appropriate behavi or. Students will have it off the joy of learning as a lifelong process. The value system that underlies efforts to accomplish this mission includes these beliefs and student Expectations The school community will be a safe and caring environment that promotes respect, self-worth, creativity, and academic growth. All members of the school community work collaboratively. This process includes good communications, shared decision-making and accountability. Learning is a process in which all can participate and succeed. congenital in the process is innovation, risk-taking, and the challenge of ones personal limits. The school community should foster the intellectual, emotional, and somatogenic well-being of each student. Diversity should be welcomed for the strength it brings to the education of all members of the school community. Education should be celebrated as a lifelong process that fosters person and positive growth. The staff and administration and a sort out of student s worked on a committee that helped plan and develop the vision and mission statements for Carlos Vigil Middle School. Finally, the school will hold a contest to develop a Character Logo that will be in every classroom and part of the school community. The winning design will be made into huge posters, banners, and will represent what we as a school are our most important character traits.Once the vision and mission statements have been decided upon the close step would be to present the logic Model, and the flow chart will be explored throughout this paper. The logic model as exposit by W. K. Kellogg in his Logic Model Development Guide In general, logic modeling can greatly enhance the participatory role and usefulness of evaluation as a management and learning tool. Developing and using logic models is an important step in building community capacity and modify community voice.The ability to identify outcomes and anticipate ways to measure them provides all program participa nts with a extend map of the road ahead. Map in hand, participants are more confident of their place in the object of things, and hence, more likely to actively engage and less likely to stray from the course and when they do, to do so consciously and intentionally. Because it is particularly amenable to visual depictions, program logic modeling can be a strong tool in communicating with diverse audiences those who have varying world views and different levels of experience with program suppuration and evaluation. (Kellogg, P. 111) Logic Model Development Guide The school system including the principal, counselors, administrators, and a group of teachers collaborated on helping to decide on the program that would be implemented Time To Teach and which behaviors that we were sack to Teach To if we plug these behaviors into the flow chart model each segment will have a chart that represents that particular behavior or character trait. A typical flow chart will include the follow ingAssumptions Input Activities Outputs Short & Long Term Outcomes Impact Conduct Needs legal opinion Money for Staff development and Title 1 monies Staff reproduction & educate activity quintette core beliefs Students will have better self-esteem Successful student-teacher relationships Secure bringing up facility Equipment necessarily schoolroom ecology analysis Self-control Improved Test scores Increased Test tons by a measurable percentage Classroom management program will address behavior issues and character traits. Selection of the Time to Teach Program Teaching classroom expectations & Refocus Establish a base of support Establish buddy teachersTeach Refocus Process Produce Refocus forms Classroom by Design Teach TosStudents learn expectations Lower principal referrals Intended OutcomesStudent Mood Awareness & speedy Teacher Response (SMARTRTM)Clear classroom expectations Teach-TosStudents with good self esteem Unconditional Positive Regard Lower Princ ipal referrals Improved Test Scores Students will recognize the good in each other and will accept each others differences, there will be less bullying because they are treating each other with the respect that the receive from staff and each other. Before any program can be implemented the principal will be doing certain activities to get ready for implementing the program. A postulate assessment must be completed to determine to what the goals are and what activities are going to be done to reach these goals.After conducting the needs assessment, the principal can determine the goals for the program. Once they have chosen a program, therefore they must budget for the training, that means acquiring funds. The next activity is choosing a venue to have the training session and preparedness for lunch and or snacks. Activities are the procedures, techniques, tools, events, technology, and achieves of the planned program. (Kellogg, 2004,p. 8) The author continues, These may include products-promotional materials and educational curricula services education and training, counseling, or health screening and infrastructure structure, relationships, and capacity, used to bring about the in demand(p) results. (p. 8) Activities will include students designing character logos and banners, after the implementation of the program. The Time to Teach classroom management program can be implemented into the school system as soon as the training session is over all the components can be implemented the following school year. The next school year will begin with all the classroom expectations posted in the hallways, classrooms and on the buses. showtime on the first day of school and will continue until all classrooms, school library, cafeteria, behavior on the bus, the first week to two weeks will be spent teaching the expected behaviors to the students.As teachers we cannot afford to get into that students know how to behave properly in need to be taken to prepare for the professional development training program and for implementing strategies after the training has been completed. For example, Implementation activities are included for each component of a program logic model. (McDavid, Huse, & Hawthorn, 2013) These implementation activities teachers can use to immediately sop up using the techniques of the program. Here is the three classroom integrity classroom questions teachers can rationally ask themselves, Am I able to Teach? Are the other students able to learn? Is the student in question able to learn? (Dahlgren & Hyatt, 2007) This is just a quick sample of a starting point for teachers. OutputsOutputs can be described as in terms of the size and or scope of the services and products delivered or produced by the program. They indicate if a program was delivered to the intended audiences at the intended dose. (Kellogg, 2013) The Time To Teach would have to be viewed by the teachers to start to implement the product which in this case it would be the training session. Once the teachers have participated in the training/product they can return to the classroom and begin to implement the Time To Teach strategies and activities so that they can get the desired outcome. The desired outcomes will include buy-in by all staff members, parents and teachers.There must be a shared sense of purpose among the staff, students, parents and community. (Dahlgren, & Hyatt, 2007) The authors continue when there is a failure to achieve this buy-in by one or more of the stakeholders than there will be limited policy effectiveness and it may even become useless. When the Time To Teach program has been properly implemented and there is buy-in by all participating parties then the likely outcomes will be successful. The louver Core Beliefs that the Time to Teach ism incorporates, Self-Control, Classroom by Design, Teach Tos, Refocus, and the student teacher relationships or Unconditional Positive Regard.If the stakeholders do buy-in to the program then they end up with 30% higher test scores, better behaved students and lower principal referrals. (Dahlgren & Hyatt,2007) Outcomes When planning for your program you can demonstrate your programs progress by projecting outcomes. Outcomes identify the short-term and long-term outcomes you expect to achieve for each activity. (Kellogg, 2007p. 14) Outcomes can further be defined as specific changes in attitudes, behaviors, knowledge, skills, status, or level of functioning expected to result from program activities and which are most often expressed at an individual level(p. 8) The activities that are planned ultimately bring the outcomes that are trying to accomplish. The activities approach model also connects program resources and activities but does so in great detail. Each outcome is usually dealt with individually by the activities and events that must take place to keep on track. (p. 12) The intended outcomes for the Time to Teach program will be discussed th roughout the rest of this paper. Time To Teach is an evidence based classroom management program that uses proven, practical, and powerful strategies. These strategies are researched based and ready to be put to use in the classroom. The Five Core components of Time To Teach mirror what many esteemed researchers say works. Many leading researchers define classroom management in similar terms.Robert Marzano (2003) defined effective classroom as the confluence of teacher actions in four distinct areas (1) establishing and enforcing rules and procedures,(2)carrying out disciplinary actions,(3)maintaining effective teacher and student relationships, and (4) maintaining an appropriate mental set for management(88-89) Classroom management was rated as the most important variable in building and sustaining a high achieving classroom in nearly every major study on academic achievement. (Dahlgren, Malas, Faulk, and Lattimer,2008) Once Time To Teach has been implemented, teachers should be ab le to read student mood and respond sedately and quickly, as needed. Teachers will correctly read social and emotional cues and correctly perceive students responses to their behaviors. Specifically, when a student becomes disruptive, it is the teachers job to respond calmly and appropriately. Teachers who exhibit this kind of self-control can read their room and will react swiftly, calmly, and compassionately. We call this the SMARTR TM response- Student Mood Awareness and Rapid Teacher Response. (Dahlgren et. al. ,p. 6) Projected outcome of the Time To Teach once the program has been implemented students will be taught what the classroom expectations are and the teachers will not how to teach classroom rules and routines with success. The term Teach Tos was first coined almost four decades ago. (p. 6) With at onces students showing up for class not knowing how to act or what is expected of them is the norm while having students who show up knowing how to act is the exception.The good news is that there is that even if we have students that have bad behaviors that affect the classroom functioning, when successfully teaching-to your classroom rules and routines, you will be guaranteed a more effective instructional climate. (Dahlgren et. al. ,p. 7) The authors continue, Teaching-to behaviors are a foundational and powerful component of the Time To Teach Program. We have been doing it for twoscore years. (p. 7) Conclusion Students should gain more confidence as teachers continue with the program and as they begin to buy-in in to the system. School-wide behavioral- management and character education in todays world is a must. Every classroom in every school can find a room with the rules posted, and talked about once, but these programs expectations will be posted everywhere and will be talked about and taught until every student gets it.Students will be taught how to act and what is expected of them in a positive respectful way with unconditional positive reg ard. Students will be asked to compete in a contest to design the character logos, whoever wins will receive a prize of some sort and school wide credit. Because somewhere in this face paced world, of video games, cellphone phones, tablets, and laptops, these latch key students have not been taught how to act appropriately and it is our responsibility as teachers to teach them character traits and behavior management skills. The school administrators have a tough job. They have to try to please the regularise offices, teachers, parents, students, the community and the government, all while trying to do whats best for the education of the student.In todays world it is increasingly apparent that it is essential to incorporate the behavior management skills. It is important to actualise that teaching behavior is as important as teaching academics. (Dahlgren et. al. ,p. 198) The authors continue, that on a school-wide basis, children must be taught these expectations until they under stand these expectations, and finally they should be held accountable for these expectations. (p. 198) Thanks to Time To Teach for making these expectations a reality. References Dahlgren R. , Dahlgren A. , Faulk J. , Lattimer M. , Ludwig. (2011) Associate Training Manual Time To Teach. , Dahlgren R. & Hyatt J. (1994-2007). Time To Teach Encouragement, Empowerment, and Excellence in Every Classroom. Hayden Lake, ID. , CTE, Center for Teacher Effectiveness. Dahlgren R. , Malas B. , Faulk J. , & Lattimer M. (2008). Time To Teach The Source for Classroom Management. , Hayden Lake, ID. , CTE, Center for Teacher Effectiveness. W. K. Kellogg Foundation. (2004). Using Logic Models to bring together planning, evaluation, and action Logic Model Development Guide. , Retrieved from http//www. wkkf. org//media/36693510092544928C454B5778180D75/LogicModel. pdf McDavid J. C. , Huse I. , & Hawthorn R. L. , (2013) Program Evaluation and Performance Measurement An Introduction to Practice. , irregu lar Edition. , Thousand Oaks, CA. , Sage Publications.